Waterproof coverage and material suitable therefor



Feb. 12, 1935. I I J. E. MARBLE WATERPROOF COVERAGE AND MATERIAL SUITABLE THEREFOR Filed July 25, 1934 gp p a J D D p p 3 N ENTOEZ/ 4" ATTORNE Y Patented Feb. 12, 1935 l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WATERPROOF COVERAGE AND MATERIAL SUITABLE THEREFOR James E. Marble, Passaic, N. J.

Application July 25, 1934, Serial No. 736,824 12 Claims. (01. 154-50) My invention relates to materials adapted for proofing fabrics instead of being improved have the production of waterproof effects for strucbecome steadily less efficient. tural, roadway and other purposes and refers The elongation factor of cotton, which fiber has particularly to fabrics adaptable for these purbeen found most practical for this use, is low,

poses. and this is not appreciably increased by the 5 Among the accepted methods for producing asphalt treatment. Experience has shown that waterproof efiects is the incorporation of fabrics the fibers in the present employed fabrics frebetween layers of a suitable waterproofing maq y break because the expansion of the terial, such as asphalt, coal tar, bituminous masonry s rf Waterpr under th conpitch &c. ditions of use, is greater than the fiber of the 10 In following the present processes for road pur- Waterp fi g blanket can withstand. poses, as an example, a layer of asphalt is placed It is evident that the longitudinal expansion of u on the prepared road bed, a layer of fabric h W erproof coverage of a bridge road ed, r usually saturated with a waterproofing material, e O m a e-D S considerably greetel'than M such as asphalt, is laid thereon and upon this is that f t tr v xp n, n h laid a further coating of the waterproofingma- When the expansion of the y rf c terial, as asphalt, thus forming a waterproofing covered is greater than the elongation factor of blanket. These operations are repeated as many the fibe s of e Wat p o fi blanket y Will times as are necessary to produce the desired break at the lines of, broken cleavage Of the result. masonry masses, allowing water to seep there- 20 Ductility and stretchability are among the throughnecessary attributes of a waterproofing blanket The greatest Stress, therefore, is 1113011 the longiof the character described, in order that its contlldihal fi s t ic. at the p tinuity may be maintained under stresses set up threads the fab c.

by expansion and contraction, or by movements I have found a v y Which t 25 caused by loading, vibrating or othercauses, and undue a d d a i st s up n th wa p, or hence, thefabrig employed h m be of Such a longitudinal, threadsof the fabric can be overcharacter 'as not to tear, or be disrupted, during Come, and y which the longitudinal S r O these expansion and contraction movements due the fabric can be ma y times i cr ased Ov the to changes of t t or during more or legs, normal elongation value of the fibers in the fabric, 30 violent vibratory, or sudden, movements imparted thus p eventing a breaking of the W p threads t th waterproof coverage even if the longitudinal expansion of the entire 11 concrete or masonry t l building structure waterproofed is greater than the elonfoundations, bridges, wing walls etc. some time ation factor of those fibers.

settlement or expansion and contraction. A form of the f i p ey y me i my P s waterproofing medium to be permanently efiecandits application similar parts are designated tive must have a sufliciently great elongation or by Similar ume als.

stretchability factor to bridge these cracks with- Figure 1 is a cross-section f a wat pr f d 4 out rupture or it; ill not fulfill it purpose road bed, showing the various layers of materials 40 The amount of contraction and expansion to l yedwhich the present employed fabrics can be subsu 2 s a a a a pl i of a p rmitted without rupture is dependent upon the tion of a fabric embleyed in y invention, W th physical properties of the fiber employed and the W tlvqeadspmlttedupon such changes of weave formation which may Flgujre 3 1S a dlegrammetlc VIEW of a P of be caused by a preliminary treatment or with a fi e of fabnc employed m waterproofing material such as asphalt. i m W t warp h a are omlttefi Waterproofing fabrics have, been made for Flgure 4 1s dlagramma'tlc new of modlfied form of a fabric employed in my invention. many years ablhty to budge masonry The particular form and construction of fabric 50 cracks have depended solely on the factor of shown in Figure 2 consists of a plurality of warp elongation of the fibres from which the fabric threads, aplurality of which A, A are spaced from was made. e elongation of cotton fibie has each other and are in the same taut condition steadily decreased until it is now only 50% of as th Selvage th d B, B, 56 what it was twenty (20) years ago. Hence water-. The intermediate warp threads C, C, C, C posiduring the life of the structure, crack through In t a mpa yin d aw ill t atin ne 36 tioned between the taut warp threads A, A, A are in loose, or non-taut, condition.

It is evident that the threads A, A, B, B; will retain the fabric in condition for treatment, coating or saturation with a waterproofing material and for laying in the production of the waterproofing blanket, allowing the fabric to be processed, or laid in place on the structure to be waterproofed and pulledtaut without putting any tension on the intermediate warp threads C, C, C, C.

If the waterproofing blanket containing a fabric of the character shown in Figure2 be subjected to an expansion greater than the elongation factor of the threads A, A, B, B, these threads will break,-

The same weave arrangement of weft threads may'be employed as shown in Figure 3, having the taut threads D, D, and the loose threads E, E.

The fabric containing both taut and loose warp and weft threads, as shown in Figure 4, may also be employed.

g In order to clearly and understandingly refer to the taut fibers and the loose fibers, I state in my specification and claims that the former, or taut, fibers are under greater tension than the latter, or loose, fibers.

It will thus be seen that my invention presents means whereby a fabric may be employed within layers of waterproofing material, the waterproofing material being expansible beyond the expansibl'e limit of the taut fibers in the fabric without tearing, or disrupting, the main body of the fabric, thus retaining the waterproofing properties of the waterproofing blanket under such stress conditions.

I do not limit myself to the particular number or arrangement of fabric fibers as specifically shown and described, as these are given simply as a means for clearly describing my invention.

What I claim is:-- 1. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of threads are under greater tension than the remainder of said threads.

2. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of warp threads are under greater tension than the remainder of said threads.

3. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of warp threads are under greater tension than the remainder of said warp threads.

4. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of spaced threads are under greater tension than the threads between said spaced threads.

5. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of spaced warp threads are under greater tension than the threads between said spaced threads.

6. A waterproofed woven fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of spaced warp threads are under greater tension than the warp threads between said spaced threads.

'7. A waterproof blanket consisting of a layer of waterproofed woven fabric between layers of waterproofing materials, said fabrics consisting of warp threadsand Weft threads in which a plurality of threads are under greater tension than the remainder of said threads.

8. A waterproof blanket consisting of a layer of waterproofed woven fabric between layers of waterproofing materials, said fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of Warp threads are under greater tensio than the remainder of said threads.

9. A waterproofblanket consisting of a layer of waterproofed woven fabric between layers of waterproofing materials, said fabric consisting of warp threads'and weft threads in which a plurality of warp threads are under greater tension than the remainder of said warp threads.

of waterproofed woven fabric between layers of waterproofing materials, said fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of spaced warp threads are under greater tension than the threads between said spaced threads.

12. A waterproof blanket consisting of a layer of waterproofed woven fabric between layers of waterproofing materials, said fabric consisting of warp threads and weft threads in which a plurality of spaced warp threads are under greater tension than 'the warp threads between said spaced threads.

JAMES E. MARBLE. 

